Amazona ochrocephala is a chordate, or more specifically a bird, in the Psittacidae family.

Amazona ochrocephala is commonly known (its common name) as the Yellow-Crowned Parrot in English.

Amazona ochrocephala is classified as least concern by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species maintained by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

Species Authority: The species authority, or the name(s) of scientist(s) or person(s) who first described Amazona ochrocephala is (Gmelin, 1788) (IUCN Red List).

Country Distribution: Amazona ochrocephala is found in the following countries:

Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela (IUCN Red List).

Biome(s)/Ecosystem(s): IUCN lists the following as biomes for Amazona ochrocephala: Terrestrial (IUCN Red List).

Major Habitat(s): 1.5 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry 1.6 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist 1.8 Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Swamp (IUCN Red List).

Range: Amazona ochrocephala comprises 10 subspecies, spread from Mexico south to Peru and Brazil. Subspecies tresmariae is found on the Tres Maras Islands, off west-central Mexico; oratrix occurs in the Pacific and Atlantic lowlands of Mexico, with feral populations present in California, Florida (USA) and Puerto Rico; belizensis occurs in Belize; caribea occurs on Bay Island, Honduras; parvipes occurs in north-east Honduras (140,000 individuals) and north Nicaragua; auropalliata occurs from south Mexico to north-west Costa Rica, and includes two proposed subspecies, both of which number in the low hundreds; panamensis occurs from west Panama (where it is locally common) to north-west Columbia; the nominate ochrocephala occurs from east Columbia east through Venezuela (where it is declining), Trinidad (Trinidad and Tobago), Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana to Par, Brazil (where it is extremely common); xantholaema occurs on Marajo Island, in the Amazon Delta of north Brazil; and nattereri occurs from south Columbia south through east Ecuador and east Peru (where it is very common, with a density of 0.5pairs/km recorded in south-east Peru) to north Bolivia and west Brazil. This species has a large range, with an estimated global Extent of Occurrence of 6,700,000 km. It inhabits tropical deciduous woodland, tall thorn scrub, humid gallery forest, seasonally flooded forest and secondary riverine growth, mangroves, pine savanna, Mauritia palm stands in wetter open areas, llanos, cultivated land with remnant groves and woodlots, and even suburban areas, always in lowlands (Collar 1997a). The global population size has not been quantified, but it is believed to be large as the species is described as "common" in at least parts of its range (del Hoyo et al. 1997). Subspecies oratrix and belizensis are threatened by a combination of habitat loss and intensive trapping, and auropalliata was added to CITES Appendix I in 2002 in response to threats from trade.Since 1981, when the species was listed on CITES Appendix II, 103,944 wild-caught individuals have been recorded in international trade (UNEP-WCMC CITES Trade Database, January 2005). Although global population trends have not been quantified, there is evidence of a population decline (del Hoyo et al. 1997). However, more up-to-date information is required to assess the status of the taxon and the scope of any threats and declines. The species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e. declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern. (IUCN Red List).

CONSERVATION STATUS

Red List Category & Criteria: Amazona ochrocephala is listed as LC ver 3.1 (2001) (IUCN Red List).

Year Assessed: Amazona ochrocephala's status was assessed in 2004 (IUCN Red List).

Assessor: Amazona ochrocephala's Red List status was evaluated by BirdLife International (IUCN Red List).

Red List Evaluator: The Red List Evaluator for Amazona ochrocephala is listed by IUCN as Ekstrom, J. & Butchart, S. (BirdLife International Red List Authority) (IUCN Red List).

Red List Rational / Justification : Amazona ochrocephala is listed by IUCN for the following: Amazona ochrocephala comprises 10 subspecies, spread from Mexico south to Peru and Brazil. Subspecies tresmariae is found on the Tres Maras Islands, off west-central Mexico; oratrix occurs in the Pacific and Atlantic lowlands of Mexico, with feral populations present in California, Florida (USA) and Puerto Rico; belizensis occurs in Belize; caribea occurs on Bay Island, Honduras; parvipes occurs in north-east Honduras (140,000 individuals) and north Nicaragua; auropalliata occurs from south Mexico to north-west Costa Rica, and includes two proposed subspecies, both of which number in the low hundreds; panamensis occurs from west Panama (where it is locally common) to north-west Columbia; the nominate ochrocephala occurs from east Columbia east through Venezuela (where it is declining), Trinidad (Trinidad and Tobago), Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana to Par, Brazil (where it is extremely common); xantholaema occurs on Marajo Island, in the Amazon Delta of north Brazil; and nattereri occurs from south Columbia south through east Ecuador and east Peru (where it is very common, with a density of 0.5pairs/km recorded in south-east Peru) to north Bolivia and west Brazil. It inhabits tropical deciduous woodland, tall thorn scrub, humid gallery forest, seasonally flooded forest and secondary riverine growth, mangroves, pine savanna, Mauritia palm stands in wetter open areas, llanos, cultivated land with remnant groves and woodlots, and even suburban areas, always in lowlands (Collar 1997a). Subspecies oratrix and belizensis are threatened by a combination of habitat loss and intensive trapping, and auropalliata was added to CITES Appendix I in response to threats from trade. However, more up-to-date information is required to assess the status of the taxon and the scope of any threats and declines. This species has a large range, with an estimated global extent of occurrence of 6,700,000 km. The global population size has not been quantified, but it is believed to be large as the species is described as 'common' in at least parts of its range (del Hoyo et al. 1997). Global population trends have not been quantified; there is evidence of a population decline (del Hoyo et al. 1997), but the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e., declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern. (IUCN Red List).

Red List History: Amazona ochrocephala was listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 1988 (IUCN Red List).

Data Sources for IUCN data: The following is a list of citations from the IUCN web site for Amazona ochrocephala:

Citations listed by IUCN

Bird Reference Citations. The numbers inserted in the text accounts above (usually in bold) refer to references. For further details on these references, click on the BirdLife International link above to go to the specific species account on the BirdLife web site. In some cases, particularly in the taxonomic notes, the references are cited using the author names. Details for these can be found on the BirdLife International web site at the following two places:
For References from A–L.
For References from M–Z.

BirdLife International. 2000. Threatened Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, U.K.

BirdLife International. 2004 Threatened Birds of the World 2004. CD-ROM. BirdLife International, Cambridge, U.K.

(IUCN Red List).

Links: IUCN Red List Profile for Amazona ochrocephala (IUCN Red List).

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